Chapter 4 – Climate
Exercise Solutions
Ques 1 :- Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) :- Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
Ans:-
(a) Silchar
(b) Cherrapunji
(c) Mawsynram
(d) Guwahati
(ii) :- The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:-
Ans:-
(a) Kaal Baisakhi
(b) Trade Winds
(c) Loo
(d) None of the above
(iii) :- Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part of India?
Ans:-
(a) Cyclonic depression
(b) Western disturbances
(c) Retreating monsoon
(d) Southwest monsoon
(iv) :- Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
Ans:-
(a) Early May
(b) Early June
(c) Early July
(d) Early August
(v) :- Which one of the following characterises the cold weather season in India?
Ans:-
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights
Ques 2 :- Answer the following questions briefly.
Ques (i) :- What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
Ans:- The main factors which affect the climate of India are :-
(a) Latitude :- The Tropic of Cancer runs through India, dividing it into tropical and subtropical regions. This affects the overall climate.
(b) Altitude :- The northern mountains, averaging 6,000 metres, block cold winds from Central Asia, resulting in milder winters.
(c) Pressure and Winds :- Weather patterns are shaped by atmospheric pressure, surface winds, and upper air circulation, including cyclonic disturbances.
(d) Distance from the Sea :- Coastal areas experience moderated climates, while areas further inland face extreme temperatures, known as continentality.
(e) Ocean Currents :- These currents, along with onshore winds, significantly impact coastal climates, warming or cooling them based on the current's temperature.
(f) Relief Features :- Mountains can block winds and create rain shadows, leading to dry areas on the leeward side.
Ques (ii) :- Why does India have a monsoon type of climate ?
Ans:-
• The climate of India is described as the "monsoon" type due to the influence of monsoon winds. Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.
• The monsoon type of climate is characterised by a distinct seasonal pattern. The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other.
• Mountain ranges, like the Himalayas, block cold winds from Central Asia, resulting in milder winters.
• Weather patterns are influenced by :-
(i) Pressure and surface winds
(ii) Upper air circulation
(iii) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones.
• Overall, India's climate varies significantly across regions and seasons, leading to a rich diversity in weather conditions.
Ques (iii) :- Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why ?
Ans:- The Indian desert, located in the north-western part of India, experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature.
This is due to the following reasons :-
• The sand in the desert heats up quickly during the day.
• At night, the sand cools down rapidly.
• For example, daytime temperatures can reach upto 50 °C, while nighttime temperatures may drop to around 15 °C.
• In contrast, regions like the Andaman and Nicobar Islands or Kerala show little difference between day and night temperatures.
Ques (iv) :- Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
Ans:- South-west monsoon winds are responsible for rainfall along the Malabar Coast.
Ques (v) :- Define monsoons. What do you understand by "break" in monsoon ?
Ans:- The seasonal reversal in wind direction during a year is called monsoon..
• Monsoon tends to have 'breaks' in rainfall ; which means that there are wet and dry spells in between.
• The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time and then come the rainless intervals.
Ques (vi) :- Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond ?
Ans:- The monsoon is considered a unifying bond because: -
•The monsoon of India is highly influenced by its flora and fauna.
• It brings rainfall to most parts of India at the same time, creating a common seasonal rhythm.
• Indian agriculture largely depends on monsoon rains, so farming activities across the country follow a similar pattern.
• Most of the festivals in India that are related to the agricultural cycle may be known by different names in different parts of the country, but their celebration is decided by the monsoon.
• The river valleys which carry this water also unite as a single river valley unit.
Ques 3 :- Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India ?
Ans : - Rainfall decreases from east to west in Northern India because : -
• The low pressure area in India lies in the northwest, towards which the South West Monsoon winds are attracted.
• The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon enters India from the east and carries maximum moisture.
• As these winds move westward across the Northern Plains, they gradually lose their moisture while causing rainfall.
• Therefore, eastern areas receive heavy rainfall, while western regions get less rainfall due to reduced moisture content.
Ques 4:- Give reasons as to why?
(i) :- Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent ?
Ans: - The seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent happens because :-
• Winter Pressure :- In winter, a high-pressure area forms north of the Himalayas, causing cold winds to blow towards low-pressure areas over the oceans.
• Summer Low Pressure :- In summer, a low-pressure area develops over interior Asia and north western India, reversing the wind direction.
• Wind Movement :- Air moves from the high-pressure zone over the southern Indian Ocean, flowing southeast, crossing the equator, and turning towards the low-pressure areas in India.
• Monsoon Winds :- These winds, known as the Southwest Monsoon winds,carry moisture and bring widespread rainfall to India.
• This combination of pressure systems leads to the seasonal change in wind direction.
(ii) :- The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
Ans: - In India the bulk of the rainfall is concentrated over a few months beacause:-
• India receives most of its rainfall from the South-West Monsoon winds.
• These monsoon winds remain active mainly from June to September.
• During this short period, the moisture-laden winds cause heavy rainfall.
• That's why the bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over the months of a few months; mainly June to September .
(iii) :- The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
Ans: - The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall because:-
• During winter, the north-east monsoon winds blow from land to sea.
• These winds pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal.
• When they reach the Tamil Nadu coast, they cause rainfall during October–December.
(iv) :- The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
Ans: - The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones because: -
• The Bay of Bengal is a major region for the formation of tropical cyclones.
• During the retreating monsoon (October–November), low-pressure systems develop over the Bay of Bengal.
• These cyclones move towards the eastern coast, especially the delta regions of rivers like the Ganga, Godavari, Krishna, and Mahanadi, causing frequent cyclonic storms.
(v) :- Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
Ans: - Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and leeward side of the Western Ghats depend on Arabian Sea branch of the South-west monsoons for the rainfall.
• By the time the Arabian Sea branch reaches Gujarat, it has shed most of its moisture on the way causing scanty rainfall.
• When it reaches Rajasthan, it blows parallel to the Aravalli hills. Due to high temperatures its capacity to retain moisture increases. hence both Gujarat and Rajasthan receive scanty rainfall and are drought-prone.
• The leeward side of the Western Ghats lies in the rain shadow area, where very little rainfall occurs.
hence Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and leeward side of the Western Ghats receive scanty rainfall and are drought-prone.
Ques 5:- Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Ans: - India shows great regional diversity in climate due to differences in latitude, altitude, distance from the sea and relief. Some important regional variations are:
(i) Temperature variations : -
• In summer, the temperature in the Thar Desert (Rajasthan) may rise above 50°C, while Pahalgam (Jammu & Kashmir) remains around 20°C.
• In winter, Dras (Ladakh) experiences temperatures as low as –45°C, whereas Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) stays warm.
(ii) Rainfall variations : -
• Mawsynram (Meghalaya) receives the highest rainfall in the world.
• Western Rajasthan and Ladakh receive very little rainfall, making them arid regions.
(iii) Monsoon pattern differences : -
• Most of India gets rain from the South-West Monsoon (June–September).
• The Tamil Nadu coast mainly receives rainfall from the retreating (North-East) monsoon during October–November.
(iv) Coastal vs interior climate :-
• Coastal areas like Mumbai and Chennai have an equable climate with less temperature variation.
• Interior regions such as Delhi experience extreme summers and cold winters.
Ques 6:- Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Ans : - The cold weather season in northern India has several distinct features:
• Duration : - Mid November to February.
• Coldest Months : - December and January are the coldest.
• Temperature : - In the northern plains, temperatures range from 5 °C to 15 °C, while in Chennai, it is warmer at 24 °C to 25 °C.
• Day and Night : - Days are generally warm, but nights can be quite cold.
• Frost and Snow : - Frost is common in the north, and the higher slopes of the Himalayas receive snowfall.
• Origin : - These low-pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean Sea and Western Asia.
• Winter Rainfall : - Known locally as mahawat, this rainfall is crucial for the rabi crop, despite being small in quantity.
• Cyclonic Disturbances : -These systems come from the west and northwest, bringing winter rains to the plains and snow to the mountains.
Ques 7 :- Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Ans: - Characteristics of Monsoon Rainfall in India
• Rainfall is seasonal, occurring mainly from June to September.
• It is unevenly distributed—very heavy on the Western Ghats and in the North-East, but scanty in Rajasthan and the Deccan interior.
• Monsoon rainfall is uncertain and irregular, with breaks and bursts.
Effects of Monsoon Rainfall in India
• It is the backbone of Indian agriculture, especially for kharif crops.
• Good monsoon leads to high agricultural production and water availability.
• Failure or delay of monsoon causes droughts, while excess rainfall leads to floods.
• It strongly influences economy, water resources, and daily life in India.
Conclusion – NCERT Solutions Class 9 Geography Chapter 4: Climate
The Intext Questions of Chapter 4: Climate help students understand the major factors affecting India’s climate, the mechanism of the Indian monsoon, and the characteristics of different seasons. These solutions explain how latitude, altitude, pressure and wind systems, and relief features influence weather conditions across the country.
A clear understanding of this chapter highlights the importance of monsoon rainfall for agriculture, water resources, and the Indian economy. These NCERT Intext Solutions are extremely useful for quick revision, exam preparation, and concept clarity for Class 9 students.
FAQs – NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4: Climate
Q1. What is climate according to NCERT?
Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time.
Q2. What are the major factors affecting the climate of India?
Latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, pressure and wind systems, and relief features affect India’s climate.
Q3. Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
India has a monsoon type of climate due to the seasonal reversal of winds caused by differential heating of land and sea.
Q4. Which is the coldest month in India?
January is the coldest month in most parts of India.
Q5. What are breaks in the monsoon?
Breaks in the monsoon are dry spells during the rainy season when rainfall decreases temporarily.
Q6. Why is monsoon rainfall important for India?
Monsoon rainfall is essential for agriculture, water supply, and the Indian economy.
Q7. Which part of India receives rainfall in winter?
The Tamil Nadu coast receives rainfall during winter due to the retreating monsoon.
Q8. Are NCERT solutions enough for Class 9 exams?
Yes, NCERT solutions are sufficient for Class 9 school examinations.
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